Jabberwocky

When Mr Wilkes first introduced us to the poem Jabberwocky, I thought it was useless and I had absolutely no understanding of how the nonsense words could form an image. When he explained how the words are meant to be interpreted however we wanted them to be, I understood. There are many different ways this poem is depicted, the way people picture the Jabberwocky and even what the words mean to THEM. A specific word in the poem that caught my attention was ‘vorpal’. It really made me think and I believe that word could really mean something realistic.

jabberwock

I think that this poem is written in a similar style to the Gruffalo, it describes the scene, eg.. the forest. It uses quite a few language features and if you really think about it, a story can easily be formed. The thing I like about this poem is the fact that it is told in such a way where you can make your own assumptions and make a story of your own. It’s interesting how much sense it still makes although he uses many gibberish/nonsense words. I think that his style of writing seems very sophisticated and he knows what he is doing, which keeps the poem easily understandable.

TEXTILES

Today in Textiles we have been learning about sustainability. This is my presentation on what sustainability is, different ways to increase sustainability and problems we face that we must improve on to maintain a safer, clear environment.

 

For the past 3-4 periods in Textiles we have been working on our worry critters/monsters.

Our objective was to make them look however we wanted but it had to be made in a certain size frame.

We were working on hand-stitching, including how to tie the knot at the beginning, keep the stitches smaller to minimize breakage risks and how to end our sewing (tying another knot).

Firstly we had to cut out all of our pieces out of fabric.

Next we sewed on all of the facial features/added accessories on or near the face.

After that if we had any extra limbs (arms, legs, ears, wings, tails etc) in between the two body pieces. (It was helpful to pin them in place so they didn’t move!)

Then, we sewed around the exterior of the body, we made sure to leave a gap to add stuffing!

The last step was to stuff our worry creature, we added just the right amount of stuffing so it wasn’t flat or too hard to sew shut!

I took an extra step, and drew on some further details with colored pencils dipped in water.

 

Properties of Beeswax & Honey

To make a beeswax wrap you have to consider what you will be putting into it. You must cut your shape with pinking shears to prevent the material from fraying. 25g of Beeswax is used for 1 beeswax wrap. Place your material with the sprinkled beeswax between 2 sheets of baking paper. To iron it correctly you begin in the middle and push out. Once ironed, allow it to cool and there you have your beeswax wrap!

 

Beeswax and Honey are used for many things due to the fact that beeswax and honey don’t expire!

Some of these things Beeswax is used for is..

  • Fermentation
  • Preventing tools from rusting
  • Making candles
  • Food

Some of the things Honey is used for is..

  • Medicine/Home remedy
  • Sweetener
  • Food
  • Skincare/cosmetics

Beeswax wraps and honey have many beneficial uses and are great for the environment!

Some of the things that make Beeswax wraps and honey beneficial are..

  • Beeswax and honey are anti-inflammatory, which helps with your skin
  • They are also anti-bacterial meaning mold/other bacteria will not grow on them
  • These things are ethically sourced and are natural
  • Beeswax wraps are a good substitute for plastic wrap/cling-wrap
  • Beeswax does not spoil, go bad or expire

 

We made our own beeswax wraps in class and I gifted mine to my mother.

She said that she will be using it for my younger sister’s lunch rather than using cling wrap. (sustainability!)

 

 

Growth Mindset

Having a growth mindset means to be motivated. To keep on trying, knowing that if you want something enough, and you work hard enough for it, you can learn. Accepting challenges rather than running away from them is important for a growth-minded person!

There are many aspects and skills required to contain a growth mindset. I have learnt many new words but some of the most useful or most interesting are;

Grit; Grit is being passionate, confident and certain with whatever you’re doing. This means that you need to have the strength to pull through, no matter the circumstance.

Development; Development is to grow, mature or evolve. This process may be slow, but there are many features that will need to grow or mature including your mind, your thoughts and your body!

Courage; Courage is to be brave, optimistic and face any challenge. This means that no matter what situation or challenge you are put in front of, you must give it a go, keep trying and don’t be afraid.

 

This is the activity I did on the brain which explains a few parts of it and the functions (what it does)!

The human brain is fascinating and has many different parts which contribute to how you recognize, see, hear, feel and communicate. 

The hemispheres are the two sides of the brain. The left side controls the right side of our body and our right side controls the left. The left side of our brain is used for academic areas including maths, language, science and problem-solving. The right side of our brain is used for creative areas including the arts, music and imagination.

 

There are three main parts to the brain. These include the cerebrum, cerebellum and the brain stem. 

The cerebrum is the front and larger part of the brain. Us humans have the largest cerebrum of all animals.

The Cerebellum is the back and smaller part of the brain and it is used for motor control (movement and balance).

The brainstem is the back and lower part of the brain which connects to the spinal cord, which connects our brain to the rest of our body. The brainstem is used for all the unconscious activities, such as breathing.

 

The cerebrum is made up of 4 different lobes, the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes.

The frontal lobe is responsible for your personality and how you communicate. This area of the brain is where your wittiness, judgments and impulses come from.

The temporal lobe is responsible for processing things you hear into things that make sense, including language. The temporal lobe is where long-term memories are processed and it is also responsible for object recognition.

The parietal lobe is responsible for your senses and interpreting things. This is the place for visual recognition and the processing of language and maths. The parietal lobe is also responsible for your spatial awareness and navigational skills.

The occipital lobe is responsible for visual processing and it gets information from the eyes. Different parts of the occipital lobe controls your spatial perception, colour and movement. Occipital is also latin for the words ‘back of the head’.

Making mistakes is normal and very common to experience!

Mistakes are a learning opportunity and making mistakes come with trying something new!

If we don’t give new things a go, we will always be afraid of certain challenges and it will be difficult to overcome this fear in the long run.

Trashing The World (SOS)

We have recently started a new topic called ‘Trashing The World’. This unit is about all the problems in the ocean and how we can help/solve them! Our first task was to write a paragraph on a chosen topic.

 

Overfishing is an unethical and major problem.

In the world today, overfishing has become very popular. Not only do people catch more fish than they actually need, much of the fish are too small to eat and large gaps are left in the food chain due to the lack of fish.

Understanding the effect of overfishing is important and knowing the different perspectives is vital for our marine ecosystem and ocean health!

Invasive species are an unsafe and major problem.

In the world today, the introduction of disease-filled, parasitic and invasive species has become normalized. These species are very dangerous to our marine ecosystems, they can effect the natural resources, can cause extinctions and have been altering habitats.

Knowing the effects of Invasive species is valuable and a knowledgeable thing to know.

 

This week we have been learning more about the Pacific garbage patch, how it impacts our environment and what we can do to support the change. This is my poster with my idea of what and where the Pacific Garbage Patch is. I also talk about how serious this situation is/how much of an impact it has on our environment. On the last segment of my poster, it explains how we can help change the current situation/what we can do to support the change.

 

Our task this week was to format a news article styled writing explaining the problem, causes, effects and solutions towards the much bigger issue, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. This is my news article and I’ve tried to make the format as similar to a news article as I possibly could. I made sure to elaborate on all of my ideas to make things more interesting to read.

 

The Garbage Patch Destroying Our Oceans

Ruihi CR, HHS

 

Have you ever dropped a piece of garbage and thought ‘it’s only one piece, nothing bad will happen.’

Many others have thought this too, but the average amount of rubbish a person drops per day is 4 pieces, which adds up to 324B pieces of garbage being dropped every day. 

Many large ocean-related organizations are working together to set up more frequent ocean cleanups. Some findings from a recent international clean up claim that 10% of all dead animals that were found dead were entangled in plastic bags and 20% of all dead fish were found with plastic in their bodies.

There is currently an environmental catastrophe, and it is getting worse everyday.

 It has been evaluated that over 8 million tonnes of plastic is dumped in our oceans every year, resulting in the Pacific Garbage Patch surpassing the size of Texas 3x.

An estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of trash have accumulated in the middle of the pacific ocean to form this 

ocean-ruining garbage patch.

The Problems & Consequences

Numerous problems arise due to this large amount of rubbish, not only does this affect the sea-life, it also affects us humans and our environment. Some of these issues are caused naturally, but some of the issues were caused by humans.

 

A naturally occurring issue is the ocean gyres circling around. There are 5 major ocean gyres, which are areas with a large ocean current, resulting in the accumulation of the Pacific Garbage Patch. The strong currents from these ocean gyres restrict any of the rubbish from escaping from the Pacific Garbage Patch.

A human-caused issue is the poor management of waste. There are many people in the world who don’t think before they drop their litter. Unsurprisingly, these pieces of garbage make their way into the ocean, either from the wind or traveling through animals. A great deal of sea-life ingest these plastics, along with the human-caused problem ‘overfishing’, we practice unethical methods including bottom trawling (attaching a fishing net to a boat and sailing around collecting everything from the sea floor). 

 

Most of the fish caught by bottom-trawling are too small to eat, but the ones that aren’t have consumed fragmented plastics called microplastics. Not only do these harm the fish, it affects the seafood industry because people can get rapidly sick after consumption.

 

What Do We Need To Do?

Although you may think that you’re only 1 person you don’t really make a difference, if all of us put in the effort, we can make a positive change.

Some things we need to keep in check include using the 4 rs (reduce, reuse, repurpose, recycle). 

We should also make sure we are putting our rubbish IN the bin instead of flicking it onto the floor like it’s nothing.  There are more complex ways to contribute to this positive change such as innovating your own ocean cleanup technology and raising awareness for ocean importance.

A more time consuming and more difficult task is to volunteer or donate to ocean clean ups organizations.

Taking a few hours to help the ocean organizations every time an ocean clean up is announced can make a major difference. 

If we all put in just a little bit of effort, a major positive change could happen.

 

 

How to make a bar graph

  • Include 4 elements (scale, bar, title, key)
  • Accurately measure and insert your data
  • If your graph is vertical, begin with the biggest segment from the bottom and work upwards
  • If your graph is horizontal, begin with the biggest segment from the left side and work towards the right
  • Make your data clear and add the % on top of the segment to make it easier to read

In social studies this week we have been learning about the distribution of plastic from each continent.

The graph below shows that Asia is the worlds largest plastic distributors, most likely due to their LARGE population. Asia has many rural areas where unfortunate families aren’t in the best conditions. They have to resort to waste dumping due to their lack of resources to store their waste and handle the pollution.

New Zealand/Oceania is doing the best at plastic reduction, Only 0.4% of plastic in the ocean is coming from us. Although we may be the smallest continent, we still put in our bit. Single-use plastic bags have been banned from our country since 2019, we have planned an emission reduction proposal and we efficiently recover from  extreme weather events.

This term we have learnt many things, mainly around the topic of the Great Pacific Garbage patch. 

Things we have observed, researched and attempted to apply our learning to include..

  • Rubbish emission/ Global output
  • Solutions/actions
  • Causes/effects
  • Rubbish decomposition
  • Japan Nuclear wastewater
  • Understanding the problem
  • Paragraph writing/ news-paper article writing
  • Rubbish river (Guatemala)

I have gained plenty of knowledge from this unit and I understand that the ‘little things’ do matter. I’ll make sure I take care of the environment and limit my plastic intake because I know it’s important! Although I am just one person, I believe that if everybody works together we can make a positive impact and change this cruel world we are living in.

 

We have been learning about palm oil, what it’s used in, how it is produced, why it is a negative and unethical way of producing oil and how it is impacting our environment and animals.

This is my palm oil research (Information at the top, questions and answers at the bottom.)

 

Health | Cultural Beliefs Around Death

In Health we have been learning about Death, Dying and the afterlife. So far we have watched coco to learn about the Mexican traditions of DDA and learnt about some different cultural and religious beliefs and traditions.

 

We have learned and made a presentation explaining the traditions and beliefs of a certain era. (Victorian era, 1900’s, Smallpox, Spanish flu, Black death.) One of the first tasks we did was compare and contrast DOTD (Day of the dead) and Halloween. One of our more recent tasks were learning about the stages of grief and then getting into a group to study and research deeper into a certain stage. (Mine was Denial)

For this topic, I chose to investigate Cultural beliefs around death.

Although we’ve already visited this topic, I will be explaining the beliefs, traditions and practices in more depth.

 

There are many different types of cultures and they may believe in different things!

  • A Cultural practice I find interesting is in West Papua, New Guinea, the Dani (cultural) people used to amputate fingers from the deceased. The tribes believe that fingers are a symbol of unity and strength, and this tradition is focused on the females of the tribe.

 

  • A Cultural belief I find interesting is from the orthodox Jews. Jewish faith believes that people should embrace life, while accepting the inevitability of death. They also believe in multiple afterlives, including Immortality of the soul, the World to Come and Resurrection of the dead.

 

  • A Cultural Practice and Belief I find interesting are from the Hindu people. The belief I find interesting is those who choose Hinduism have a multitude of pantheons (gods and goddesses), with certain Hindu people worshiping one or more of these. Hinduism is an act of mourning yet celebrating the death of someone, they believe in the afterlife the deceased’s soul merely moves from one body to the next on it’s journey to Nirvana (heaven).  The practices I find interesting are the rituals held when preparing the deceased. Family and a priest may accompany the dying person and pray, sing holy songs and recite holy verses. Another ritual includes the tying of thread around the neck and wrist of the dying patient.

 

Demonstrating Respect

There were a number of ways that I demonstrated respect towards other culture beliefs during this unit. I did this by listening attentively to the topic and trying my best to understand their cultural death practices, traditions and customs. 

I believe that showing respect enhances others hauora because it improves how they think and feel about their culture.

Socially (Whanau), it gives them the confidence to speak up about their cultural and beliefs without feeling judged or embarrassed.

Spiritually (Wairua), it makes others feel proud and not ashamed of their culture.

Physically (Tinana), it makes others feel appreciated if you be supportive and stay engaged during the sharing of their cultures customs.

Mentally (Hinengaro), it makes them feel safe, comfortable and genuinely happy with their culture and how it is being recognized.

 

Hauora Importance

It is important that I take care of all areas of my hauora when I experience change, loss, or grief because it’s not safe or healthy for me to stop caring about my hauora. All areas of my health are important and I should be taking care of them!

I can take care of my hauora when I experience change, loss, or grief by embracing and accepting what I am going through. It’s perfectly normal to be experiencing change, grief and loss because these types of things are inevitable. If I am struggling, I know that I have supportive and helpful people to talk to, to get me out of my depressive state and to help me move on!

 

 

The Eye

For the next few lessons we are going to be learning about how the parts of the eye and how it functions.

So far we have already learnt a bit about why we are able to see.

 

‘There are 7 main parts of the eye’

Outer eye

  • The Cornea is the protective outer layer of the eye that helps prevent dust and other things to hurt our eyes.
  • The Pupil is the little black circle in the middle of our iris is where light enters our eye to help us see.
  • The Iris is the coloured portion of our eye and it is what controls how much light enters our eyes.
  • The Lens helps focus the light onto the retina.

 

Inner eye

  • The Retina converts light to electrical impulses and sends them to the optic nerve.
  • The Optic Nerve carries those sent electric impulses to the brain.
  • The Vitreous humour  is the liquid mush in the middle of our eye which gives and keeps the eye in its shape.

 

 

 

 

 

True or False

 

It is True that our eye sees an object because it sees the light that bounces (reflects) off the object.

It is False that our eye does all the work when seeing things. There is the light factor, and also the transferring of light to the brain to give us our vision.

It is False that the image the eye sends to the brain is exactly how we see it in real life.

The image that the eye sees and sends to the brain is upside down, but our brain decodes this image and flips it the right side up. These images being sent from the brain to the eye is also why we can usually recognise and familiarise objects.

 

Pupil

Our pupil is the hole in the eye which allows light to pass through.

If we are in a bright area our pupil will constrict (get smaller). Since there is so much light around we have no need for the larger hole to allow light through.

If we are in a darker area our pupil will dilate (get bigger). Since there is not much light around we need the larger hole to allow the light through.

 

Cow Eye Dissection

On Thursday we got a close up of a cow eye and we got to dissect it. To maximise our learning, we dissected in a certain order so we could experience and see every part of the eye.

Prior to the dissection, we made sure to put gloves on, tie our hair back/get it out of the way and collect the appropriate tools and set up a clean area to begin.

First, we cut off all/most of the fat around the eye. I found out that it was difficult to cut with the small scissors provided, with my partner Liam I got him to hold the fat out so I could cut easier. Although he was disgusted quite early so I dissected it alone.

Secondly, miss Abernethy punctured the centre of the pupil and we were instructed to cut around the pupil. While I cut around the pupil, a black substance began leaking out and it smelled absolutely FOUL. Once we cut around the pupil we attempted to flip the eye inside-out but it didn’t work. The black liquid was the vitreous humour, which keeps the eye in its shape.

Thirdly, we reached into the hole we just cut and attempted to grab the lens. For me, it didn’t come out cleanly so I had to squeeze the eye a bit to release the lens. The lens had a clear trail attached to it but it was quite firm in the middle. It was honestly very satisfying to cut the lens apart.

Next, we spun the eyeball around to the back to observe the optic nerve. The optic nerve was protruding and I understood that is how the eyeball connects to the brain and the way our visual ideas are formed. It was a sort of purple colour and it kind of looked like a bruise.

Lastly, we continued to cut open the eyeball and basically split it in half. When we opened it we could see the retina and it was a very beautiful, shiny, iridescent colour.

In my opinion, I liked doing the dissection, even though my partner didn’t want to do it.

Overall, this dissection was an important and exciting learning experience because we got to endure it first hand. It was actually interesting and gave us the time to run down the functions and parts of the eye.

Health: Culture, death and coping with loss

My culture Is Maori.

In Maori culture when a person passes away there is always a 2-3 day long tangi but it can extend to 1-2 weeks. The most recent tangi I attended was 7 days long, 3 days with the body open-casket in his home where he grew up, and then we had another celebration in Wellington at our Marae for the last 4 days. Many hakas are performed.

Before the end of the tangi, the family recites important memories from the dead members life. There is usually a feast prepared for all 3 of the days, but it important that if you eat, you MUSTN’T go back into the room with the casket and body of the dead person.

Something that I think is interesting about the way Maori celebrate death, is that everybody attending the tangi sleep in the same room as the dead body (with the casket still open). At most tangis there is no dress code, but it is traditional to wear dark colors to keep the attention on the casket. At all tangis, a group of men will do a haka and a group of women will sing. There is a lot of shouting and recording during every tangi.

There are a number of strategies that a person can implement to help them get through coping with the loss of someone important to them.

A helpful coping mechanism is to remember who they were before they died, and think about how they’d want you to move on. Another strategy you could use is to try and understand why it happened, and why it was not your fault.

A high number of people with dead family members blame the death on themselves, which is not fair and most of the time not true. You could also get in touch with a therapist, and talk to them about your situation. In many cases it’s just easier to open up to another family member and grieve together.

 

Keeping your hauora in check is crucial. Making sure you don’t stay stuck on somebody’s death is the only way to keep growing and managing healthily as a person. It is important to remember who the dead person is, but it is also important to open up if you’re struggling to let someone go.

 

Happy Broadcast

A new and improved invention has proved it is possible to harvest the sun’s energy 24/7. It is estimated that space-based harvesters potentially yield eight-times more power than solar panels at any location on the surface of the globe. If these space-based harvesters are successful, it is possible for earth to have unlimited clean energy!! The wireless power transfer was achieved by MAPLE (Microwave Array For Power Transfer Low-orbit Experiment), using an array of flexible and light-weight microwave power transmitters.

 

A team of scientists (OSAKA) in Japan are working to make a tooth-growing drug. Following recent promising research from animals, the group is planning a small scale human-testing of the drug set in July 2024. Katsu Takahashi, the team leader has been working on this drug since he was a graduate student. Researchers say this drug could be available for public use in a few years.

 

Over 1500 brands worldwide are going fur-free. Some of these brands include luxury italian brands such as Herno, Dolce&Gabbana, Armani, Gucci, Prada, Moncler and an online luxury fashion retail company YNAP. This commitment to a fur-less life will take effect starting from fall-winter 2023. There are many articles and practices to conclude how inhumane and cruel this trend of stripping animals of their fur and lives.

 

There is a song named Weightless by Marconi Union that is very effective at calming people. It it is eight minutes long and it can make people so calm they feel drowsy, therefore why it is not recommended to listen to while driving. Listening to this song resulted in a 65% reduction in overall anxiety and a 35% cut in their usual physiology resting rates.

 

A growing body of research shows that clutter can contribute to stress, increased cortisol levels and depression. Being in an untidy environment is associated with lower academic performance and a higher chance of behavioral problems. Living in a clean environment has been linked to many benefits including higher positive emotions, improved relationships and increased wellbeing. Be realistic about your energy levels and motivation rates if you are planning to clean, but don’t be afraid to go outside your comfort zone.

 

Fomo (fair of missing out) is a very common phobia through out the world today… but there is a solution! Recently a helpful new coping mechanism called Jomo (joy of missing out) has been created and is a very successful form of self care. Demonstrating jomo, is thinking more about yourself than others. About how you feel, why you are missing out and why it is okay to miss out. During these times, you can really focus on how much time you are spending with your families and how you connect with other friends and family you rarely talk or check on. The feeling of staying content with or staying disconnected from toxic environments such as social media, unhealthy relationships and awkward situations is what makes Jomo so helpful to many.

 

New Zealand is the first country in the world to ban thin plastic bags used to purchase fruit and vegetables in the supermarket. The new plastic-based ban in the future will lengthen to things such as plastic straws, single use bags and cutlery. New Zealand has been working on completely banning single-use plastic bags since 2019 and thus far has already prevented more than 1 billion plastic bags from being used.

 

Walking is one of the keys to a healthy lifestyle. Just walking 4000 steps per day is enough to extend your life. Many fitness gurus set a goal of 10,000 steps per day, but there’s a lack of scientific evidence to back up that this is the best amount of steps to be taking everyday. A new study has suggested that significant health benefits begin at 4000 steps, plus it’s an easy and achievable goal for new gurus! A team of scientists conducted 17 studies that followed over 200,000 people for a little over 7 years to prove how beneficial just 4000 steps a day are.

 

Petting other people’s dogs can boost your health. Levels of the stress hormone drop in people from only 5 minutes spent with a dog, even if it’s not yours! Studies show that our oxytocin also increased (that feel-good bonding hormone). Not only do us humans benefits from this interaction, dogs get increased oxytocin too! Dog ownership/interactions have been linked to positive health outcomes, such as heart health and increased physical activity.

A new poll shows that adults who frequently wave or say hello to their neighbors have a higher well-being than those who don’t make the effort to interact with their neighbors. Socializing with your neighbors has been linked to social success, better financial, career, physical and community health. Unsurprisingly, being neighborly can foster a sense of belonging and indicates feeling safe when out and about everyday.

 

In New York City, children from kindergarten until highschool senior will be required to complete mindful breathing practices during classes. Mayor eric adams announced that 2-5 minutes of mindful breathing practices may be offered in all public schools everyday, due to concern for young mental health. Adams suggests that they make this positive change and add this 2-5 minutes a day because of the rapidly increasing rate of anxiety, depression, self-harm and other mental health challenges in teenagers and children.

 

Physics

This is my animation to demonstrate how the marshmallow cannon works.

This is my slideshow explaining the types of energy and what it is used for.

Sound waves

Sound waves are Longitudinal, these types of waves allow energy to travel along a line.

The wavelength is the distance between two crests/troughs.

The pitch is how high or low a sound is. To make a sound higher we increase the wavelength, and to make the sound lower we decrease the wavelength.

The Amplitude is the height of one crest/trough.

To increase the loudness of a sound, you increase the amplitude. To make the sound quieter, decrease the amplitude.

 

The Ear And Hearing

The ear uses an intricate process to allow you to hear.

Your ear has 3 main parts, the outer ear, middle ear and the inner ear.

The outer ears job is to gather sound waves and funnel them to the ear canal (path to the middle ear)

The middle ears job is to receive these sound waves and convert them into vibrations, then delivers them to the inner ear.

There are 3 little bones in our ear(s).

Once these sound waves travel to the inner ear, they change into nerve signals. (the cochlea changes sound waves into nerve signals) These signals travel to the brain, along the cochlear nerve.

The cochlear nerve, which is attached to the cochlea and sends sound information to the brain, therefore why we have the ability to hear.

Light Energy

  • Light energy is displayed as transverse waves. The energy travels up and down.

 

  • Light waves can be called electromagnetic waves. They have different names depending on the size of the wave.

 

  • The biggest wave is a Radio Wave and the smallest wave is gamma rays

Radio waves are used for radios and tvs.

Microwaves are used in cooking, radar, phones, and other signals.

Infrared waves are used in heat transmitters including sun, fires and heaters.

Visible light waves give us the ability to see things and colors.

Ultraviolet (UV) waves are absorbed by the skin, can cause cancer and are used in the sun and fluorescent lights.

X-ray wave are used to view inside of bodies and objects and are used for medical needs.

Gamma rays are used in medicine for killing cancer cells.

 

  • The smaller the wave length, the more energy there is. Smaller wave lengths are more dangerous because they hold a lot more energy than the bigger wavelengths.

Visible Light Waves (light we can see)

Wavelength: changes in wavelength caused different colours.

Amplitude: change in wave height changes the intensity of light.

High amplitude= bright

low amplitude= dim/dull

 

Colour Spectrum

Red | Orange | Yellow | Green | Blue | Indigo | Violet

When all of those colours bounce off (reflect) an object, we see WHITE

When all of the colours are absorbed (none reflect), we see BLACK

Our eyes sees the colour wavelengths that are reflected off an object and into the eye.

 

How Does Light Move?

Light moves in straight lines if something blocks the light there will be a shadow there is no light

Objects that block light are opaque

 

 

 

 

 

 

Circuits

A basic circuit is made up of wires, a power source (cell/battery) and usually a switch.

 

Series Circuits

A series circuit is like a basic circuit and it has only one pathway.

 

Parallel Circuits

A parallel circuit include components on 2 or more pathways.

 

What Is Voltage In A Series Circuit?

The voltage is the energy within a circuit. In a series circuit the voltage is shared between the components, with more components, it makes each bulb dimmer.

 

What Is Current In Series?

Current is the same everywhere

 

What Is Voltage In A Parallel Circuit?

In a parallel circuit the voltage is the same on each pathway, making the bulbs brighter than on a series circuit.

 

What Is Current In A Parallel Circuit?

Current is shared between the pathways