Solids, Liquids and Gasses are all types of matter.
Fixed shapes are when the shape of the matter is always the same, for example solids have a fixed shape because they will always remain the same no matter where or what you put the solid in!
Fixed volume is when the volume of a matter is always the same, for example liquids have a fixed volume because no matter where you store or pour the liquid.. the amount of liquid will never change.
Gasses have no fixed shape or volume. Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. Liquids have fixed volume.. but no fixed shape!
Out of the 3 matters, gasses have the most energy which means the particles more around more.. and solids have the least amount of energy which means the particles only vibrate in place.
- To change states of matter we need to add or remove energy.
- To add energy we expose the particles to heat.
- To remove energy we cool the particles down.
Evaporation is the change in state from liquid to gas. Energy is needed for change.
Freezing is the change is state from Liquid to Solid. Energy is removed for this change.
Melting is the change in state from solid to liquid. Energy is needed for this change.
Condensation is the change in state from gas to liquid. Energy is removed from the particles for this change.
Mixture: Made by adding substances together, We make mixtures by adding particles together. Eg. salad, cake, tea
One way to do this is dissolving.
Disolving: A solid is added to a liquid, the solid changes state to combine with the liquid.
We can speed up dissolving by:
- Stirring
- Adding Heat
- Size of solid
We have done 4 experiments to do with dissolving.
For the first experiment we used 50ml of cold water and put a teaspoon of sugar in and left it to dissolve without stirring it. We left it for 5 minutes and it hadn’t dissolved.
For the second experiment we used 50ml of cold water and put a teaspoon of sugar in and stirred it. It took 1 minute and 28 seconds to dissolve.
For the third experiment we used 50ml of hot water and put a teaspoon of sugar in and didn’t stir it. We left it for 5 minutes and it hadn’t dissolved.
For the fourth experiment we used 50ml of hot water and put a teaspoon of sugar in and we stirred it. It took 30 seconds to dissolve.
In our experiments we added a solute (a teaspoon of sugar) to a solvent (50ml of hot or cold water) to create a solution (a mixture)!
The fastest method of dissolving was using hot water and stirring the mixture. This was the fastest method because the hot water heats up the sugar and makes the matter move faster. When we stirred the mixture, it gave the sugar more energy and it moved faster so it dissolved easier.